Prevalence of Shoulder Pain, Disability, and Its Association with Quality of Life Among Weightlifters in Peshawar

Abstract

Background: Shoulder pain and disability are common musculoskeletal issues affecting physically active individuals, particularly those engaged in weightlifting and repetitive upper limb activities. These conditions can lead to significant functional limitations and negatively impact quality of life. Objective: To assess the prevalence of shoulder pain and disability among gym-goers and examine their association with quality of life. Methodology: This cross-sectional research design was carried out across several gyms in Peshawar, Pakistan. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Research Committee of the City University of Science and Information Technology. The 106 participants comprised both male and female gym members aged between 18 and 45 years, with a minimum gym membership duration of two months and an average participation of 3 to 5 hours of exercise per week. Individuals were excluded if they had a history of shoulder trauma, fractures, previous shoulder surgeries, or structural deformities. Pain intensity, functional disability, and quality of life were evaluated using the numeric pain rating scale, shoulder pain and disability index and short form-12, respectively. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered face-to-face under the guidance of trained researchers to ensure accuracy and completeness.  Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, were calculated to summarize demographic and clinical characteristics. Inferential analysis was conducted using the chi-square test to examine the associations between shoulder pain, disability, and quality of life. Results: Among 106 weightlifters, 40.6% female and 59.4% male, aged 18 to 45, participated in the study. The most common pain level was Moderate pain (34.9%), while the least common pain level was severe pain (15.1%) (p<0.001). Those who had more shoulder discomfort and disability had significantly worse quality of life ratings, even though the majority of participants (67%) said they had an excellent or good QOL. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the musculoskeletal issues of the shoulder hurt the performance of a recreational weightlifter as well as their overall mental and physical health. In order to reduce shoulder-related issues, it is essential to promote early detection, management and rehabilitation and suitable training techniques.