Effects of Kendall versus Kabat Exercises in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

Abstract

Background: Chronic low back pain is not only a source of physical discomfort but also contributes to emotional distress, reduced productivity, and a diminished quality of life. Objective: To compare the effects of Kendall versus Kabat exercises in managing chronic low back pain. Methodology: This study was a single-blinded, randomised controlled trial. The sample size was calculated by G-Power 3.1.9.7, and 46 participants were recruited, using convenience sampling. Data were collected from Sehat Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan, over 10 months. Both genders, adults aged between 30-65 years, with complaints of idiopathic LBP persistent for more than 12 weeks, with a visual pain score of 3 or higher, were recruited in the study. Patients with back pain due to other neurological causes, use of pain medication, acupuncture, or physical therapy in the last 3 months, and anticipated inability to comply with study protocols or attend scheduled sessions were excluded. Group A was treated with the Kendall exercise protocol regimen 3 times a week. Each session lasted for about 35-45 minutes. Group B was given the Kabat exercise protocol regimen 3 times a week, for 35-45 minutes. Baseline treatment of TENS and a hot pack was given to both groups. These initial assessments included demographic information, pain intensity evaluation using a visual analogue scale, functional disability measurements using the Oswestry disability index, and range of motion using a universal goniometer for the lumbar spine. Parametric statistical tests were supported by normal data distributions measured by the Shapiro-Wilk test. A paired sample t-test was applied for within-group analysis and an independent t-test for between-group comparison. Results: Parametric statistical tests were supported by normal data distributions (Shapiro-Wilk test) and confirmed paired sample t-test for within-group analysis and an independent t-test for between-group analysis. Conclusion: The study shows significant improvements in pain level, range of motion, and functional ability in patients with chronic low back pain. Pain scores and the Oswestry disability index significantly declined, but the mobility of the lumbar spine increased. Both interventions were effective in improving patient outcomes, but Kabat exercises are more effective in improving pain intensity, functional ability, and mobility.