Prevalence of Shoulder Abnormalities among Police Forces Carrying Heavy Ammunition and Its Impact on Work Performance

Abstract

Background: Police officers often carry heavy ammunition, protective gear, and equipment for extended periods. This prolonged physical burden places significant stress on their shoulders, increasing the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders, chronic pain, and reduced mobility. Objective: To determine the prevalence of shoulder abnormalities among police forces carrying heavy ammunition and its impact on work performance. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, different agencies and police departments of Faisalabad, including Kotwali Road, Civil Lines and Jail Road. From February to August 2024, policemen’s shoulder discomfort was examined in single-blinded, randomized clinical trials. About 200 full-time police officers from several agencies satisfied the study's age, health, and participation criteria. Policemen with previous bone or muscular issues and shoulder injuries, having implants, including orthopedic hardware, chronic disorders like diabetes,  degenerative diseases that exacerbate shoulder discomfort and dysfunction, were excluded. A group practiced proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises and another group practiced myofascial release. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index measured pain severity and impairment, while the Oxford Shoulder Score measured shoulder function and quality of life. Goniometers measured the shoulder range of motion. Three data points occurred before, during, and after therapy. Descriptive statistics showed prevalence and participant profiles. Compared group results and evaluated interventions using paired t-tests and ANOVA. The study covered informed consent, ethics committee approval, confidentiality, and participation. Results: About 30% of police reported mild-to-moderate shoulder aches. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores showed significant impairment, hurting job performance and satisfaction. The Oxford Shoulder Score found that shoulder pain reduced function and quality of life. MFR and PNF reduced pain and improved function, although neuromuscular facilitation improved shoulder ROM and disability ratings more. Conclusion: Myofascial release and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation reduce shoulder pain and enhance function, but neuromuscular facilitation is more significant. Management of shoulder pain at work improves policemen’s lives and productivity.