Effects of Relaxation Breathing Exercises on Cardiovascular Parameters among Hypertensive Patients

Abstract

Background: High blood pressure is a leading global risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Relaxation breathing exercises offer a promising approach to blood pressure management. Objective: To determine the effects of relaxation breathing exercises on cardiovascular parameters in hypertensive patients. Methodology: This randomized clinical trial was conducted at City Medical Complex and DHQ Hospital Faisalabad, Pakistan. Participant recruitment was done using a non-probability consecutive sampling method, with 82 hypertensive patients aged 20-50 years with essential or stage I hypertension enrolled in the study. The exclusion of patients with significant comorbidities, like angina, uncontrolled diabetes, stroke, and obesity, was made to minimize potential confounding factors. Standard lifestyle modifications, including the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, salt restriction, weight loss strategies, regular physical exercise, and smoking cessation counseling, were provided to the control group.  The lifestyle modifications and supervised regimen of relaxation breathing exercises were given to the treatment group. Deep diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, slow deep breathing, and alternate nostril breathing were some of the exercises included. The exercise was performed three times per week for 12 weeks with 10 repetitions in two sets per session. The primary outcomes measured were the systolic, and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, 6-minute walk test, and health-related quality of life assessed by the MINICHAL questionnaire. Data normality was confirmed by the Shapiro-Wilk test, and independent sample t-tests were performed to compare outcomes between groups at 6 and 12 weeks. Within-group changes were evaluated using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The treatment group had significantly greater reductions in blood pressure, mean arterial, and pulse pressure compared to the control group. No significant differences were found in the 6-minute walk test and health-related quality of life between groups. Conclusion: Relaxation breathing exercises, combined with lifestyle modifications, effectively reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients, offering a viable non-pharmacological intervention.